Patterns of Democracy over Space and Time

This 2022 article by Vanessa Alexandra Boese, Scott Gates, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Håvard Mokleiv Nygård, Håvard Strand, disaggregates the concept of democracy and proposes a multidimensional conceptualization to account for this variation in institutional configurations. Three theoretically informed dimensions are featured: participation, electoral contestation, and constraints on the executive. The three dimensions constitute a cube covering all regime types, in which we place countries using V-Dem data from 1789 to 2019